Thyroid Cancer – Types, Causes, and Symptoms

Thyroid cancer marks the abnormal growth of cells in the thyroid, a gland responsible for regulating heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight. Despite an increasing number of cases, the good news is that most thyroid cancers are treatable. 

Types of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer exhibits a classification based on the specific types of cells involved in its development. The primary categories include:

Papillary Thyroid Cancer:

Papillary thyroid cancer is characterized by its slow growth rate, and it represents the most prevalent form, accounting for approximately 80% of all thyroid cancer cases.

Characteristics:

This type tends to grow slowly and is often associated with favorable outcomes, as it is highly curable. It frequently manifests as nodules or lumps within the thyroid gland.

Follicular and Medullary Thyroid Cancer:

Follicular and medullary thyroid cancers are less common than papillary but possess distinct characteristics that differentiate them.

Characteristics:

Follicular Thyroid Cancer: This type arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid and tends to exhibit a more insidious growth pattern.

Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Originating from the parafollicular cells, this type is known for its unique genetic markers and may be associated with other endocrine disorders.

Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer:

Anaplastic thyroid cancer represents the most aggressive and challenging form of thyroid cancer to cure.

Characteristics: 

This type is characterized by rapid and uncontrolled cell growth, often leading to the formation of large, invasive tumors. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is more likely to spread to surrounding tissues and has a lower response to conventional thyroid cancer treatments.

Causes:

While there isn't a pinpoint cause, factors contributing to thyroid cancer include a low iodine diet, radiation exposure, and genetic predisposition. Enlarged thyroid, family history, and gene mutations can also play a role.

Symptoms:

The key symptom is the development of a lump or nodule in the neck. Other indicators may include difficulty breathing, hoarseness, and swollen neck lymph nodes.

Conclusion:

Thyroid cancer, although on the rise, is highly treatable. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment significantly improve outcomes. Seeking guidance from the best oncologists is crucial.